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Fan Yanguang
Fan Yanguang (范延光) (died September 30, 940〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 282.〕), courtesy name Zihuan (子環) (per the ''History of the Five Dynasties'')〔''History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 97.〕 or Zigui (子瓌) (per the ''New History of the Five Dynasties''),〔''New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 51.〕 formally the Prince of Dongping (東平王), was a general of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period states during the Later Tang and Later Jin. He was a close associate of the Later Tang's second emperor Li Siyuan, serving three terms as Li Siyuan's chief of staff (''Shumishi''), and subsequently continued to serve as a general. After the Later Tang's final emperor Li Congke (Li Siyuan's adoptive son) was overthrown by Li Siyuan's son-in-law Shi Jingtang, who founded Later Jin, Fan initially formally submitted, but later rebelled against Shi. His rebellion, however, was not successful, and after Shi promised to spare him, he surrendered. He was, nevertheless, later killed by Shi's general Yang Guangyuan, probably with Shi's implicit, if not explicit, approval.
== Background ==
It is not known when Fan Yanguang was born, but it is known that he was from Linzhang (臨漳, in modern Handan, Hebei). In his youth, he came to serve as a guard at the prefectural government of Xiang Prefecture (相州),〔 which Linzhang belonged to.〔 When Li Siyuan, then a general of Jin under his adoptive brother Li Cunxu the Prince of Jin, was serving as the prefect of Xiang Prefecture, Fan became part of his guard corps.〔〔Li Siyuan was only briefly the prefect of Xiang, in 916, shortly after Jin captured the prefecture from Later Liang, and therefore it must have been at that time Fan came under Li Siyuan's command. See ''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 269.〕
By 923, Li Cunxu had declared himself emperor of a new Later Tang, and at that time was facing off against the army of archrival Later Liang across the Yellow River. In spring 923, he sent Li Siyuan to launch a surprise attack across the Yellow River against Later Liang's Tianping Circuit (天平, headquartered in modern Tai'an, Shandong), and Li Siyuan was able to surprise Tianping's garrison and capture it. In the aftermaths of Tianping's fall, the Later Liang officer Kang Yanxiao, formerly a Jin subject, sent a secret letter to Li Siyuan, offering to surrender. Li Siyuan believed that it was important to inform Li Cunxu right away, but as Tianping was deep in Later Liang territory, he did not know whom he could sent to deliver the letter. Fan volunteered, and was able to deliver the letter to Li Cunxu.〔〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 272.〕 As the Later Liang general Wang Yanzhang at that time was attacking the Yangliu (楊劉, in modern Liaocheng, Shandong), a fort on the Yellow River then held by Later Tang, hoping to cut off the supply route between Tianping and Later Tang proper entirely, Fan argued that Yangliu's defense was strong and suggested to Li Cunxu that another fort be built at Majiakou (馬家口, also in modern Liaocheng) while Yangliu was being sieged, rather than to go to Yangliu's aid immediately. Li Cunxu agreed and built Majiakou, which Wang then attacked.〔 Li Siyuan again sent Fan to suggest to Li Cunxu to reinforce Majiakou, but Fan was captured by Later Liang sentry soldiers on the way and taken to the Later Liang capital Daliang. There, he was whipped several hundred times and threatened with swords, but did not reveal Later Tang military secrets.〔 After Li Cunxu captured Daliang in a surprise attack later in the year and the Later Liang emperor Zhu Zhen committed suicide, ending Later Liang, Li Cunxu rewarded him with the honorary titles ''Yinqing Guanglu Daifu'' (銀青光祿大夫) and minister of public works (工部尚書, ''Gongbu Shangshu'').〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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